aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids neet notes pdf Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids class 12 notes chemistry
Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids are an important group of organic compounds that are extensively studied in the field of chemistry. These compounds are used in various industries for their unique physical and chemical properties.
Aldehydes
Aldehydes are organic compounds that contain a formyl group (-CHO) as the functional group. They are mainly produced by oxidation of primary alcohols. Aldehydes have a characteristic pungent odor and are highly reactive. They are used in the production of various industrial chemicals such as plastics, pharmaceuticals, and perfumes.
The most common aldehydes include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. Formaldehyde is widely used as a disinfectant and preservative, while acetaldehyde is used in the production of acetic acid, an important industrial chemical. Benzaldehyde is used in the production of flavors and fragrances.
Ketones
Ketones are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-C=O) as the functional group. They are mainly produced by oxidation of secondary alcohols. Ketones have a sweet aroma and are used in various applications such as solvents, pharmaceuticals, and perfumes.
The most common ketones include acetone, methylethylketone, and cyclohexanone. Acetone is widely used as a solvent and in the production of plastics and synthetic fibers. Methylethylketone is used as a solvent and in the production of pharmaceuticals, while cyclohexanone is used in the production of nylon and other synthetic fibers.
Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) as the functional group. They are mainly produced by oxidation of alcohols or aldehydes. Carboxylic acids are characterized by their sour taste and are used in various applications such as food additives, pharmaceuticals, and detergents.
The most common carboxylic acids include acetic acid, formic acid, and benzoic acid. Acetic acid is used as a food additive and in the production of various industrial chemicals such as vinyl acetate and cellulose acetate. Formic acid is used as a preservative and in the production of various chemicals such as pesticides and leather tanning agents. Benzoic acid is used as a food preservative and in the production of various industrial chemicals such as phenol and caprolactam.
In conclusion, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids are important organic compounds that are widely used in various industries for their unique physical and chemical properties. These compounds are extensively studied and their applications continue to expand in various fields.
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